Prostate cancer is a common male malignant tumor. In the United States, the incidence of prostate cancer is at the first place of all cancer, and the mortality is slightly lower than lung cancer, and the incidence increased quickly in the last 10 years. Because of the raising level of diagnosis and the increasing life expectancy, the incidence of prostate cancer increased year by year in our country. In 1972, Whitemore performed I125 implantation in patients after the prostate was exposed by the retropubic approach. In 1983, Holm described closed transperineal implantation with the aid of TRUS. With this approach, the needles used to insert the radioactive seeds could be visualized, with an improvement in the accuracy of seed placement compared with the retropubic approach. Surgical morbidity and cost were reduced. With the development of the computer system, this technology has matured and is used widely.

Permanent implantation of radioactive seeds in the prostate can significantly increase local dose of radiation, and make the tumor receive the maximum amount of exposure continuously. We can make real-time treatment plan using two-dimensional rectal ultrasound and the treatment planning system, so the three-dimensional shape of prostate can be reconstructed accurately, then the pathway, location and quantity of radioactive seeds can be designed accurately. After these procedures, the radioactive seed can have a scientific and rational spatial distribution in the tumor, and the radioactive dose is highly concentrated.

The treatment of radioactive seeds implantation is a good choice for prostate cancer patients, because it has many advantages, such as the minimal damage of surrounding tissue, the rapid recovery after operation, the good effect, and little serious complications. This technique can control the prostate lesions, so it is a good treatment for prostate cancer. We firstly perform this operation in China, and accumulated rich experience, also achieved good effect. As the increased incidence of prostate and demands on the quality of life, this technology will have a broad application prospects.