眼整形与美容修复

吴惠群 在我国未来十年中眼整形与美容外科将飞速发展。近年来，由于我国社会与经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高，追求形体美已经成为人们的普遍要求。越来越多的人们不仅考虑他们的身体健康，把形体美也作为他们的心理满足。这正促进了整形外科与美容外科的融合并形成了医学美学和美容学科。这也促进了眼整形外科与眼美容外科的结合与发展。

1．在医学美容学中眼整形外科占有重要位置。从人们说“眼是人类灵魂的窗户”可以看出眼在人们心目中之重要性。临床眼科整形美容的病人占全部病人的大多数。毫无疑问医学美容和美容学科的发展将促进眼科整形和美容外科的发展，反之亦然。

2．眼整形外科是眼美容学的基础。眼科整形外科新的手术方法的出现和新的材料的问世已经促进了并将继续促进眼科整形及美容外科的发展。在我看来，例如，羟基磷灰石义眼台植入是眼球去除术后最有效矫正和防止眼球凹陷的方法。近年来，在我们科已做了相当数量的羟基磷灰石义眼台植入，都取得了满意的效果。我估计，在不远的将来，具有安全无毒、无排斥反应、轻便的新型材料会很快发展起来。同时，在眼整形与美容方面的新手术方法如微型切口、非手术刀法等有效的方法在上睑下垂的修复、眼袋去除、内此赘皮的治疗和斜视的矫正等方面将有进展。

3．新技术与新仪器的出现将对眼整形与美容外科产生重大影响。例如，激光的应用除了在屈光不正的矫正方面应用以外，还在去除皮肤色斑、皮肤瑕疵、老年鱼尾纹以及眼袋治疗方面发挥作用。已经发展的多功能电子仪器可以广泛应用于睫毛乱生、倒睫、眼睑皮肤及睑缘赘生物、睑缘息肉、结膜痣、黄色素瘤等。国内外开发的超声波仪和超高波电子仪也可用于许多眼科整形和美容领域。

4．西方现代医学和中国传统医学的结合是我国的优势和特点。例如，在整形手术后服用一些中草药或辅之以针灸治疗将有利于病人术后的康复。甚至一些眼科疾病可用中医疗法进行治疗。中医理论把眼科问题看成是全身失调在眼部的症状表现。我们不要排斥传统医学并鼓励传统医学与眼整形与美容医学的结合。这样才能发展出中国特有的眼整形与美容的治疗方法。

5．遗传工程的基础研究将改变整个医学，包括整形外科与美容学。利用干细胞培养技术可以制造出为修复皮肤和器官部分所需的组织和器官（不是人的克隆）。这些在十几年内将是可能做到的。当然，在医学伦理学的范畴内存在着不同的意见和争论，但是它对医学的冲击将是不可忽视的。还有影响细胞增生或抑制瘢痕组织细胞生长的因子也被生物化学发现，这些也将被应用于美容医学之中。

6．在整形与美容外科中，心理学研究应予以加强。自从世界卫生组织对健康定义为：“身体、心理和社会的完好状态，而不仅仅是没有疾病和失调”。因此，健康应包括心理和社会方面的状态。在医学美容学领域，在临床治疗中，心理因素更应加以考虑。医生应关注病人的心理，尊重他们知情选择的权利，引导他们追求“真、善、美”的健康、和谐。培养他们不仅为了形体和颜面外表的美，更要为了健康、向上、优雅的气质，达到真正的青春永驻。

Ocular plastic and cosmetic surgery

Ocular plastic and cosmetic surgery will be developed quickly in the future ten years in China. In recent years, as a result of social economic development and improving of peoples’ living stander, for Chinese people seeking the human body beauty has become a common need. More and more people not only consider their physical health, but also psychological satisfactory with their anthropometric beauty. This promotes the combination of the plastic surgery with the cosmetic surgery as well as the formation of medical aesthetics and cosmetology. This also promotes the combination and development of ocular plastic surgery and ocular cosmetic surgery.

1. Ocular plastic surgery holds an important position in medical cosmetology. People saying, “the eye is the window of human soul ”, that we can understand the importance of eye in people’s mind. The number of clinical cases to be treated in ocular plastic and cosmetic surgery sector occupy the big part of the whole. It is no doubt that thee development of Chinese medical aesthetics and cosmetology will promote the progress of ocular plastic and cosmetic surgery, and vice versa.

2. Ocular plastic surgery is the basis of ocular cosmetology. The appear of new ocular plastic surgical operation methods and new materials have accelerated and will continuously promote the development of ocular plastic and cosmetic surgery. In my eyes, for instance, intraorbital implantation of hydroxyapatite (HA) sphere is the most effective method for correction and prevention of anophthalmos after enucleation. In our department we have done quite number of HA sphere implantation cases gained satisfactory result in recent years. I predict that in the near future , new type of biomedical materials with the characteristics of safe ,non-poisoning, no-rejected reaction, light etc, will be developed In the same time, the new operation methods in ocular plastic and cosmetic surgery including small incision, non-scalple, effective methods in the operations of repairing of blepharoptosis, eyelid bag removal, epicanthus, correction of strabismus etc, will be developed.

3. New technology and instruments in the field will have big influence to the development of ocular plastic and cosmetic surgery. For example, the application of Laser machine, beside the operation of ametropia correction, it also can be used in removing of skin pigment spots, blemishes, aged wrinkles around eyes and eyelid bag treatment. Some other electric machines are developing for ocular plastic treatment. Some multi-functional electric machine even can be widely used in ophthalmic diseases—anomalocilium, entropion pedunculated of skin, blepharal fringe,polyp of palpebral;conjunctive lentigp and xanthoma etc.Ultrasonic machine and ultra high frequence electric machines are developed both at home and abroad, which being used in many ocular plastic and cosmetic area.

4. The combination of western morden medicine with chinese traditional one is our advantage and characteristic in China. Taking some chinese herb medicine or acupuncture treatment for patient after plastic operation is of benefit to the patient’s recovery. Some ophthalmic diseases can be treated by traditional medicine based on the chinese medical theory which considers the ocular problem as part symptom of the whole body’s disorder. We should not reject the chinese traditional medicine and promote it to be integrated to the ocular plastic and cosmetic treatment. It will be developed as an unique way of chinese ocular plastic and cosmetic surgical treatment.

5. The basic research of genetic engineering will change the whole medicine including plastic surgery and cosmetology. Using the cell culture of stem cell to develop human tissue and organs for repairing of skin and parts of organs (not human cloning) will be available in decades. However, there are still different opinions and debates in medical ethics, but the impact it caused to medicine will never be neglected. Many factors which influence the cell growth or inhibit the scar tissue growth have found by biochemistry medicine.

6. Psychological study must be strengthened in clinical practice of plastic and cosmetic surgery. Since WHO defined health as “physical, mental and social well-being, not merely in the absence of diseases or disorder.” So that health should include mental and social aspect. In the special field of medical cosmetology, psychological factors should be more considerable in clinical treatment. Doctors should concern the patients’ psychology, respect their right of informed consensus, and lead them to seek the health and harmonious “ the truth, the good and the beauty”, cultivating them not only to be shape and face beautiful, but also an inherent temperament of health, upward and elegant quality, reaching the condition of real youthful for ever..c