It has been decades for the surgical treatment of Chiari I malformation (CMI) associated with syringomyelia (SM). Most surgeons preferred to do duralplasty after decompression of foramen magnum (DFM), but up to now it has not been drawn a final conclusion about whether to repair the dural defect with autologous fascia or artificial dural substitute ^[1]. Malliti et al ^[2] found that the later had more infectious complications after the operation of posterior fossa and proposed that the autologous fascia should be considered first. We also found that the patients who had undergone the DFM and repaired the dural defect with artificial dura (Neuropatch) appeared more incidence of postoperative fever, and the morbidity seemed to be higher than that of repairing with autologous fascia. To confirm the above-mentioned, we analyzed these patients whom suffered from CMI with SM and treated by DFM retrospectively. The morbidity, postoperative complication and postoperative outcome were discussed as follows.

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