Bladder cancer is the most common type of carcinoma in urinary system .It begins in cells lining the inside of the bladder and is called urothelial cell or transitional cell carcinoma (UCC or TCC). In the overseas, bladder cancer is the second most common type of cancer in male genitourinary apparatus and only second to prostatic carcinoma. However, it takes the first place in china. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor （TUR-BT） is a surgical procedure that is used both to diagnose bladder cancer and to remove cancerous tissue from the bladder. Diagnosis: TUR-BT is used to examine the inside of the bladder to see whether there are cancer cells are in the bladder and we can get a clear pathologic diagnosis. Staging: TUR-BT can determine whether cancers are growing into the bladder wall. Treatment: During TUR-BT, superficial tumors (those not entering the muscle layer) can be "shaved off" using an electrocautery device attached to a cystoscope. There is no scar on the patients’ abdomen. During TUR surgery, a cystoscope is passed into the bladder through the urethra. A tool called a resectoscope is used to remove the cancer for biopsy and to burn away any remaining cancer cells. Compared with open operation , TUR-BT is much saver and more effective. Patients will suffer less pain and can get up immediately. Most patients may discharge from the hospital in 1 week.

Because of the bladder cancer’ multicentricity and recurrence，10％～67％bladder cancer can come back after this surgery in 12 months and 24％～84％ has recurred in 5 years in the urinary bladder or in another nearby organ. Thus, regular instillations of chemotherapy into the bladder should be used to treat the disease. This therapy is simple and effective, and has been the main method to prevent tumor recurrence. Following surgery, a catheter may be placed in the urethra to help stop bleeding and to prevent blockage of the urethra. When the bleeding has stopped, the catheter is removed in about one week. Then, the irrigation of bladder may begin( once per week for 8 times ;then once per month keeping for 2 years).

Three months after the TUR-BT, the patients should receive regular examination of B-ultrasonograph or cystoscopy(once per 3 months in the first 2 years and then once per 6 months).